Post card. The S. S. Eastland, bow view looking westward from the north side of the river. Bodies are being removed forward to a waiting tug boat (not in the picture). The formidable fire boat Graeme Stewart is nipped into the hurricane deck of the Eastland.

Chicago Historical Information

1915, July 24: Eastland Disaster

The excursion steamer Eastland slowly rolled over at 7:28 a.m. Saturday, July 24, 1915. She was still moored to her dock between LaSalle and Clark Streets on the south bank of the Chicago River. Of the 2,572 persons on board, 844 perished--making this Chicago's worst single disaster. The passengers were Western Electric employees, their friends and family going to an annual company picnic in Michigan City, Indiana.

The causes of the disaster are still subject to debate, but several facts are clear. The steamer had a reputation for being top-heavy and had at several times in the past been reported as listing in an alarming way. Her water ballasting system was regarded as dangerously unstable by many persons. A series of modifications had steadily increased the top-heavy tendency of the vessel. These modifications made her so unsteady that with a full passenger load of 2,500 persons she could be kept upright only through exceptional seamanship. The owners, captain and engineers were apparently not aware of the dangers posed by her instability and did not compensate properly. Thus she turned turtle the first time a full passenger load was taken aboard after the last modification. Ironically, the fatal addition was more lifeboats.

Lawsuits continued for more than twenty years. The Eastland itself was rapidly refloated, towed to South Chicago, renamed the Wilimette and refitted as a naval training vessel. She survived as a naval training vessel until she was broken up for scrap in 1947.

   
Sources:

  Chicago (Ill.). Dept. of Health. Annual Report. 1911/18. p.239-43.

  Cook County (Ill.). Coroner. Eastland Disaster, Transcript of     
    Testimony before Coroner's Jury. 1915.

  Hansen, Harry. The Chicago. (Rivers of America series) New York:  
    Rinehart & Co. 1942. p.246-52.

  Hilton, George. Eastland, legacy of the Titanic. Stanford, Calif.: 
    Stanford Univ. Press. 1995.